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Chiapa de Corzo (Spanish ) is an archaeological site of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica located near the small town Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. It rose to prominence during the Middle Formative period, becoming a regional center. By then, its public precinct had reached 18-20 ha in size, with total settlement approaching 70 ha. Because of its position near Grijalva River in the Central Depression of Chiapas, it controlled the local trade routes.〔Pool, p. 272.〕 The site is believed to have been settled by Mixe–Zoquean speakers, bearers of the Olmec culture that populated the Gulf and Pacific Coasts of southern Mexico. Chiapa de Corzo and a half dozen other western Depression centers appear to have coalesced into a distinct Zoque civilization by 700 BCE, an archaeological culture that became the conduit between late Gulf Olmec society and the early Maya.〔Clark 2000〕〔Lowe 1977〕〔Lowe 1999〕 Certain Mesoamerican traits such as planned cities, earthen pyramids, E-Group commemorative complexes, cloudy-resist waxy pottery, incensarios, and early logographic writing may have originated in the Zoque region. Chiapa de Corzo and a number of western Depression sites were abandoned by the Late Classic period, a population change that closely coincides with the invasion of a war like group of Manguean-speaking people known as the Chiapanec.〔Lowe 2000, p. 122.〕〔Navarrete 1966.〕〔Warren, pp. 139-144.〕 The modern township of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, founded in Colonial times and after which the site was named, is nearby. ==Site history== The site shows evidence of continual occupation since the Early Formative period (ca. 1200 BCE). The mounds and plazas at the site, however, date to approximately 700 BCE with temples and palaces constructed at the end of the Late Formative or Protoclassic period, between 100 BCE and 200 CE.〔Lowe, p. 122-123.〕〔Lowe 1962〕 Around 100 BCE, Maya pottery types began to be included in elite burials, although utilitarian ceramics retained traditional patterns.〔Pool, p. 272.〕 This has suggested to some researchers, that the Maya culture to the east exerted influence or even control over Chiapa de Corzo, although there seems to be a waning of that Maya influence in the first centuries CE.〔See discussion in Pool, p. 272.〕 It was during this time that the ancient platform mounds were covered with limestone and stucco. The site has been heavily encroached upon over the last 70 years with the construction of roads, homes, businesses, utility systems, and a cemetery. The Nestlé company constructed a large milk processessing plant in the center of the ruin in the late 1960s, removing Mound 17, one of the major ceremonial mounds at the site. In recent years, the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) has purchased sections of the site from local land owners. INAH officially opened a small portion of the ruin to tourists on December 8, 2009. The site is currently under investigation by a collaborative team of researchers from Brigham Young University, INAH-Chiapas, and Mexico's UNAM (see http://chiapadecorzo.byu.edu/). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chiapa de Corzo (Mesoamerican site)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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